diff --git a/src/main/repository/NoteRepository.ts b/src/main/repository/NoteRepository.ts
index c67029f..36add73 100644
--- a/src/main/repository/NoteRepository.ts
+++ b/src/main/repository/NoteRepository.ts
@@ -238,6 +238,34 @@ export class NoteRepository {
       .run(now, id);
   }
 
+  permanentDelete(id: string): void {
+    this.db.prepare('DELETE FROM notes WHERE id=?').run(id);
+  }
+
+  emptyTrash(): { noteIds: string[] } {
+    const noteIds: string[] = [];
+    const tx = this.db.transaction(() => {
+      const rows = this.db
+        .prepare('SELECT id FROM notes WHERE deleted_at IS NOT NULL')
+        .all() as Array<{ id: string }>;
+      for (const r of rows) {
+        this.db.prepare('DELETE FROM notes WHERE id=?').run(r.id);
+        noteIds.push(r.id);
+      }
+    });
+    tx();
+    return { noteIds };
+  }
+
+  listTrashed(opts: { limit: number }): Note[] {
+    const limit = Math.max(1, Math.min(200, opts.limit));
+    const rows = this.db
+      .prepare(`SELECT * FROM notes WHERE deleted_at IS NOT NULL ORDER BY deleted_at DESC, id DESC LIMIT ?`)
+      .all(limit) as any[];
+    return rows.map((r) => this.hydrate(r));
+  }
+
+  /** @deprecated v0.2.3 #4 부터 hard delete 는 permanentDelete() 사용. soft delete 는 trash(). 본 메서드는 v0.2.4 에서 제거 예정. */
   delete(id: string): void {
     this.db.prepare('DELETE FROM notes WHERE id=?').run(id);
   }
diff --git a/tests/unit/NoteRepository.test.ts b/tests/unit/NoteRepository.test.ts
index 3c7042a..1099b55 100644
--- a/tests/unit/NoteRepository.test.ts
+++ b/tests/unit/NoteRepository.test.ts
@@ -280,3 +280,86 @@ describe('NoteRepository.restore', () => {
     expect(repo.findById(id)!.deletedAt).toBeNull();
   });
 });
+
+describe('NoteRepository.permanentDelete', () => {
+  let db: Database.Database;
+  let repo: NoteRepository;
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    db = new Database(':memory:');
+    runMigrations(db);
+    repo = new NoteRepository(db);
+  });
+
+  it('removes notes row + cascades note_tags / pending_jobs', () => {
+    const { id } = repo.create({ rawText: 'x' });
+    repo.updateAiResult(id, { title: 'T', summary: 'a\nb\nc', tags: ['tag-a'], provider: 'p', dueDate: null });
+    expect(db.prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM note_tags WHERE note_id=?').get(id)).toMatchObject({ c: 1 });
+    repo.permanentDelete(id);
+    expect(repo.findById(id)).toBeNull();
+    expect(db.prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM note_tags WHERE note_id=?').get(id)).toMatchObject({ c: 0 });
+    expect(db.prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) AS c FROM pending_jobs WHERE note_id=?').get(id)).toMatchObject({ c: 0 });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('NoteRepository.emptyTrash', () => {
+  let db: Database.Database;
+  let repo: NoteRepository;
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    db = new Database(':memory:');
+    runMigrations(db);
+    repo = new NoteRepository(db);
+  });
+
+  it('hard-deletes all trashed notes and returns their ids', () => {
+    const a = repo.create({ rawText: 'a' }).id;
+    const b = repo.create({ rawText: 'b' }).id;
+    const c = repo.create({ rawText: 'c' }).id;
+    repo.trash(a, '2026-05-01T00:00:00.000Z');
+    repo.trash(c, '2026-05-01T01:00:00.000Z');
+    const r = repo.emptyTrash();
+    expect(r.noteIds.sort()).toEqual([a, c].sort());
+    expect(repo.findById(a)).toBeNull();
+    expect(repo.findById(b)).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(repo.findById(c)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('returns empty array when trash is empty', () => {
+    expect(repo.emptyTrash()).toEqual({ noteIds: [] });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('NoteRepository.listTrashed', () => {
+  let db: Database.Database;
+  let repo: NoteRepository;
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    db = new Database(':memory:');
+    runMigrations(db);
+    repo = new NoteRepository(db);
+  });
+
+  it('returns trashed notes ordered by deleted_at DESC', () => {
+    const a = repo.create({ rawText: 'a' }).id;
+    const b = repo.create({ rawText: 'b' }).id;
+    const c = repo.create({ rawText: 'c' }).id;
+    repo.trash(a, '2026-05-01T00:00:00.000Z');
+    repo.trash(c, '2026-05-01T02:00:00.000Z');
+    repo.trash(b, '2026-05-01T01:00:00.000Z');
+    const r = repo.listTrashed({ limit: 50 });
+    expect(r.map((n) => n.id)).toEqual([c, b, a]);
+  });
+
+  it('excludes active notes', () => {
+    repo.create({ rawText: 'active' });
+    const r = repo.listTrashed({ limit: 50 });
+    expect(r).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('respects limit', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      const id = repo.create({ rawText: `n${i}` }).id;
+      repo.trash(id, `2026-05-01T0${i}:00:00.000Z`);
+    }
+    const r = repo.listTrashed({ limit: 3 });
+    expect(r).toHaveLength(3);
+  });
+});